Those are APFS Volumes, not partitions, (there is a significant difference). There are actually four volumes
Recovery
Preboot
System
Data
that comprise a Catalina installation and all are absolutely essential to the functioning of the system. Finder and Disk Utility hide the first two and although you may see the second two the system will not permit you to delete any of them.
"All you've got to do is own up to your ignorance honestly, and you'll find people who are eager to fill your head with information" --Walt Disney
