Wow, deja vu! This happened to me last week. Preview wouldn’t open a file that it had opened earlier that day from the same location, or any other file after that. Get Info on the folders and files give no clue and the permissions seem fine. (This was browsing old holiday photos.)
Other applications (I tried Photoshop) had no problems opening the file.
After a reboot, Preview could open the (same) files normally. I haven’t noticed the bug since.
Could it be unrelated to the message and have to do with allocated memory? I must have gone through a few hundred photos or so (looking for a specific one).