Huh? Try again, and this time empty the trash with your trash window open, and let's see exactly what happens.
I can't imagine why it won't go away without even a pop-up.
Have you tried looking in /Applications/Utilities/Console > Console Messages to see if there are any "Evernote" messages?
I've heard of persistent cookies, but persistent .dmgs???
Is this what you mean? I didn't see any Console "messages" so I just clicked on the Console App and got what you see. I just emptied the trash with the window open even though there was no Evernote in it anymore from the last emptying.