From
64-Bit Transition Guide: Kernel Extensions and Drivers:
In both client and server versions, you can boot supported computers into 64-bit mode by holding down the 6 and 4 keys at startup time or by adding arch=x86_64 to your boot-args string using the nvram command.
You can also set the machine to boot into 32- or 64-bit mode
on the next boot with
systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture i386 or
systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture x86_64as noted in
man systemsetup.