FWIW I have a Thunderbolt monitor and the single TB connector carries the display, a FaceTime camera, a Firewire 800 port, and three USB 2.0 ports. With an external HD daisy chained with a
Lightscribe optical drive on the FW800 port, a bus powered Blueray optical drive on one of the USB ports, and a couple of low speed devices on the other two USB ports. The TB connection
seems to be fully capable of supporting all of these ports at full speed in addition to the Display and HD camera. I have not
noticed any throughput limitations on the Thunderbolt connection, but your question made me curious to see if I could detect any throughput destruction through the TB connection.
The test I was able to come up with on short notice was to run a Drive Genius
bench test on the external FW800 drive while it is connected to the FW800 port on the TB monitor and while it is connected to the FW800 port on the Mac mini. There was no difference, significant or otherwise, in the results of the two test runs. Of course, this could easily be explained if, the Mac mini could not drive the test data fast enough to reach the TB and/or FW800 limits or the speed of the external drive itself was the limiting factor. In either case, however, the Thunderbolt connection does not appear to have been a limiting factor even though it was carrying the display data as well as the FW800 data. Although the three USB 2.0 ports connected via Thunderbolt were active, their data throughput during the test was negligible.
My conclusion: Thunderbolt speed/bandwidth is
VERY impressive and it is a major step up from Firewire 800 not to mention USB 3.0.
After reading V1's comment about drive speeds I should note the external drive I used is a 3.5" 7,000 rpm drive in an OWC enclosure, so it is a reasonably fast drive.